Geometric transformations:

  • Translation: (x, y) → (x + h, y + k)
  • Scaling: (x, y) → (a·x, b·y)
  • Rotation: θ about origin: x′ = x cosθ − y sinθ, y′ = x sinθ + y cosθ
  • Reflection x/y axes: X‑axis: (x, −y), Y‑axis: (−x, y)
  • Reflection y=x: (x, y) → (y, x)
  • Reflection y=mx: across arbitrary line y = m x

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Relations and Functions ( Maths class - 11 )

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Trigonometric Functions ( Maths class - 11 )