When an electric current passes through a conductor, it creates a magnetic field around it.

  • Straight wire: Magnetic field lines form concentric circles around the wire (Right-hand thumb rule).
  • Current loop: Magnetic field is similar to that of a bar magnet – concentrated in the center, forming loops.

The strength of the field increases with current and is influenced by the shape of the conductor.

Field strength around a straight wire is proportional to the current: B ∝ I

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